ESG · GreenWind Holding

CO₂ avoided · FY2025

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Households powered · FY2025

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Avg EU household = 3,500 kWh/yr (Eurostat)

ETS implicit value · FY2025

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CO₂ avoided × avg ETS spot price

Cumul. CO₂ avoided · 2023-2025

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Since first commercial operations

Annual CO₂ avoided — 3-year trajectory

Growth driven by fleet expansion — Bavaria (Jan 2024) and Provence (Jan 2025)

Monthly CO₂ avoided — 36 months

tCO₂/month by entity · Jan 2023 – Dec 2025

CO₂ avoided by entity — FY2025

tCO₂ · share of fleet total

Entity	MWh	tCO₂ avoided	Share	Split

ETS price & implicit value

€/tCO₂ spot (left) · implied monthly value €k (right)

Environmental equivalents — FY2025

Reference metrics for stakeholder reporting · based on 209 kt CO₂ avoided

Carbon intensity benchmark

gCO₂/kWh — lifecycle emissions · GreenWind uses grid displacement factor for avoided emissions

Source	gCO₂/kWh	Relative to grid	Note

ESG commentary

Model notes & caveats

CO₂ displacement factor: 400 gCO₂/kWh (0.4 tCO₂/MWh) — EEA European grid average 2023 residual mix. Represents CO₂ avoided by displacing the marginal grid unit. Actual factor varies by country, year and marginal technology. France (nuclear-heavy) has a lower residual mix (~50 gCO₂/kWh EEA 2023); Spain and Germany are higher (~200-350 gCO₂/kWh). This page uses a uniform conservative factor for simplicity — a site-specific approach would be used in a TCFD or GHG Protocol Scope 2 report.
EU ETS prices: Approximate monthly spot prices derived from published EUA market data (ICE exchange). Not from a live data feed — indicative benchmarks for valuation purposes only. ETS price is exogenous to GreenWind's P&L (wind generators are not direct participants in EU ETS; value is implicit — either through PPA structure or as a reference for green premium pricing).
Scope boundaries: This page covers Scope 2 avoided emissions (grid displacement). Scope 1 (construction equipment, O&M vehicles) and Scope 3 (turbine manufacturing, supply chain) are not modelled. Lifecycle emissions of onshore wind: ~11 gCO₂/kWh (IPCC AR6 median); not subtracted from avoided figure.
Households powered: Based on EU average residential consumption of 3,500 kWh/year (Eurostat 2023). Actual household equivalency varies by country: France ~4,500 kWh, Spain ~3,200 kWh, Germany ~3,500 kWh.
Phase 3 ESG roadmap: Full TCFD/GRI disclosure, real-time Scope 1+2+3 tracking, site-level biodiversity monitoring, and EU Taxonomy alignment assessment are planned for the live Phase 3 SaaS platform.